HTTP and HTTPS are both protocols used for transferring data between a web browser and a web server, but they differ in security.
1. What is HTTP?
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
- It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted on the web.
- It’s not encrypted, meaning data is sent in plain text.
- Example:
http://example.com
2. What is HTTPS?
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
- It’s HTTP + SSL/TLS encryption for secure communication.
- Encrypts data so third parties cannot read or modify it.
- Example:
https://example.com
3. Key Differences Between HTTP and HTTPS
| Feature | HTTP | HTTPS |
|---|---|---|
| Security | Not secure – data sent in plain text | Secure – uses SSL/TLS encryption |
| Port | Uses port 80 | Uses port 443 |
| Data Privacy | Can be intercepted (e.g., by hackers) | Data is encrypted before transmission |
| Certificate | No certificate needed | Requires SSL/TLS certificate |
| SEO | No ranking boost | Google gives ranking boost to HTTPS |
| URL Prefix | http:// | https:// |
| Browser Icon | No lock icon | Shows 🔒 lock icon in address bar |
| Best for | Non-sensitive content | Sensitive data (login, payment, personal info) |
4. How HTTPS Works
- Browser connects to the website.
- Website sends an SSL certificate (proves its identity).
- Browser verifies the certificate is valid and issued by a trusted authority.
- A secure session is established (encrypted).
- Data is exchanged safely.
5. Why HTTPS is Better
- Security: Protects against eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation.
- Trust: Users feel safer when they see the lock icon.
- SEO Boost: Google favors HTTPS in search rankings.
- Required for Modern Features: Some APIs (like geolocation, push notifications) require HTTPS.
✅ In short:
- HTTP = Fast but unsafe.
- HTTPS = Secure and trusted for all modern websites.
